The Vowel Sounds of Thai

 [aa, aa, −า/−า−◌า/◌า◌, aa, ah, aa, aː, ā, ah, aa, aa, a]
[−า/−า−◌า/◌า◌]

In US and UK News English, this sound never appears by itself, but it does appear as the first half of the vowel pair in English words like lie, how, and house. So, if you're too young to have seen M*A*S*H, that's probably the easiest way for you to practice this sound.

Contrary to what many books (and our old flashcards!) say, for most speakers, this is not the sound in US and UK News father (say "father's house": only the second "a" sound is correct). Depending on your English dialect, the sound in father is either close to the Thai [ɔɔ, ɔɔ, −อ/−อ−◌อ/◌อ◌, aaw, aw, ɔɔ, ɔː, ǭ, or, aw, or/o−, o], or halfway between [a, a, −ะ/−ั−◌ะ/ั◌, a, a, a, a, a, a/u−, a, a, a] and [ɔɔ, ɔɔ, −อ/−อ−◌อ/◌อ◌, aaw, aw, ɔɔ, ɔː, ǭ, or, aw, or/o−, o] (and thus not a Thai sound at all). Either way, using "father" as your learning word is likely to get you misunderstood.

This "a" sound is also found in many European languages as spoken by native speakers of that language (e.g. "amigo" in Spanish, "amico" in Italian). But keep in mind that when foreign words get loaned into English, their pronunciation often changes. For example, many Americans will pronounce "amigo" as "uh-migo," differently than a native Spanish speaker, and "uh-migo" is not the correct "a" sound we're trying to identify here. So only use the European examples if you are, or have access to, a native speaker.

Sample words:

• นะ [ná, ná, นะ^H, naH, ná, ˈná, ˈná, na^H, ˈná, ná, ná, ná] (part. used to make an utterance gentler)
• กัด [gàt, gàt, กัด^L, gatL, gàt, ˈkàt, ˈkàt, kat^L, ˈgùt, kàt, gàt, kàt] (v. bite)
• ชั้น [chán, chán, ชั้น^H, chanH, chán, ˈchán, ˈtɕʰán, chan^H, ˈchún, chán, chán, chán] (n. class, level, floor)
• ชั้นบน [chán-bon, chán-bon, ชั้น^H-บน^M, chanH-bohnM, chán-bon, ˈchán ˈbon, ˈtɕʰán ˈbon, chan^H-bon^M, ˈchún ˈbon, chán-bon, chán-bon, chán-bon] (n. upper layer, upper story, upstairs)
• พรรค [pák, pák, พัก^H, phakH, pák, ˈphák, ˈpʰák, phak^H, ˈpúk, phák, pák, phák] (n. political party)
• นำ [nam, nam, นัม^M, namM, nam, ˈnam, ˈnam, nam^M, ˈnum, nam, nam, nam] (v. guide, lead)
• ซ้ำ [sám, sám, ซั้ม^H, samH, sám, ˈsám, ˈsám, sam^H, ˈsúm, sám, sám, sám] (v. repeat)
• น้ำแข็ง [nám-kɛ̌ng, nám-kɛ̌ng, นั้ม^H-แข็ง^R, namH-khaengR, nám-kǎeng, ˈnám ˈkhɛ̌ŋ, ˈnám ˈkʰɛ̌ŋ, nam^H-khæŋ^R, ˈnúm ˈkǎirng, nám-khǎeng, nám-kǎeng, nám-khǎeng] (n. ice)
• มา [maa, maa, มา^M, maaM, mah, ˈmaa, ˈmaː, mā^M, ˈmah, maa, maa, ma] (vi. come)
• อัตรา [àt-dtraa, àt-dtraa, อัด^L-ตฺรา^M, atL-dtraaM, àt-dtrah, ˈʔàt ˈtraa, ˈʔàt ˈtraː, ʿat^L-trā^M, ˈùt ˈdtrah, àt-traa, àt-dtraa, àt-tra] (n. rate, ratio)
• นาน [naan, naan, นาน^M, naanM, nahn, ˈnaan, ˈnaːn, nān^M, ˈnahn, naan, naan, nan] (adv. for a long time)
• มาก [mâak, mâak, มาก^F, maakF, mâhk, ˈmâak, ˈmâːk, māk^F, ˈmâhk, mâak, mâak, mâk] (adv. very)

 [ee, ee, เ−/เ−−เ◌/เ◌◌, aeh, ay, ee, eː, ē, ay, eh, ay, e]
[เ−/เ−−เ◌/เ◌◌]

• The sound in the English word pale
• The sound in the English word pet

And here's where these two sounds typically occur:

• you say the pale sound in a long syllable, or a short syllable with no final consonant, as in:
  • เปล [bplee, bplee, เปฺล^M, bplaehM, pblay, ˈplee, ˈpleː, plē^M, ˈbplay, pleh, bplay, ple] (n. hammock),
  • เป๊ะ [bpé, bpé, เป๊ะ^H, bpehH, pbé, ˈpé, ˈpé, pe^H, ˈbpé, pé, bpé, pé] (adv. exactly, precisely)
  • เละ [lé, lé, เละ^H, lehH, lé, ˈlé, ˈlé, le^H, ˈlé, lé, lé, lé] (adj. mushy, slushy)

• you say the pet sound in a short syllable with a final consonant, as in:
  • เผ็ด [pèt, pèt, เผ็ด^L, phetL, pèt, ˈphèt, ˈpʰèt, phet^L, ˈpèt, phèt, pèt, phèt] (adj. spicy, hot)
  • เม็ด [mét, mét, เม็ด^H, metH, mét, ˈmét, ˈmét, met^H, ˈmét, mét, mét, mét] (n. seed)
  • เหม็น [měn, měn, เหฺม็น^R, menR, měn, ˈměn, ˈměn, men^R, ˈměn, měn, měn, měn] (adj. smelly)

Very few Thais are even aware that they make these two different sounds. Thais have been taught since early childhood that there is just one pale sound; when speaking, they switch to pet automatically without thinking. As a native English speaker, you will probably find yourself speaking the right sound automatically too, because there is a similar pattern in English phonetics. But the problem comes when you try to actually understand when a Thai person speaks to you! Learning both sounds now will help you a lot when you're trying to look up a new Thai word you've heard in the dictionary.

When speaking, you can generally make either the pale or pet sound and "get away with it:" you'll be understood, though you might sound a bit funny if you don't follow common conventions. But it's really important not to go too far and make it sound like pat. That is a different basic Thai vowel sound [แ−/แ−−แ◌/แ◌◌], which we will discuss below, and so you will be probably be speaking a different word. For example, to continue our sound example above, here's what the word แพทย์ [pɛ̂ɛt, pɛ̂ɛt, แพด^F, phaaetF, pâet, ˈphɛ̂ɛt, ˈpʰɛ̂ːt, phǣt^F, ˈpâirt, phâet, pâet, phâet] (n. doctor, physician) sounds like: .

In Thai Script, the pale and pet sounds are written with the same set of vowels (the vowels [เ−/เ−−เ◌/เ◌◌] and [เ−ะ/เ−็−เ◌ะ/เ็◌]). For regular syllables whose sound follows the rule above, you could also think of it as if there's a long pale sound written like [เ−/เ−−เ◌/เ◌◌], a short pale sound written like [เ−ะเ◌ะ], and a short pet sound written like [เ−็−เ็◌].

Most pronunciation guide systems write these two sounds with the same symbol. For example, Paiboon, Paiboon+, and LP glom them together into one 'e' symbol, expecting you to figure out whether to say pale or pet from the context.

An older version of Paiboon+, present on slice-of-thai.com only from Feb 2008-Feb 2009, separated the two sounds into "e" for pale and "e" for pet, but we removed this distinction in order to be consistent with the Paiboon+ used in Paiboon's new dictionaries released in Feb 2009.

Currently, the only system that separates the two sounds is TLC.

The ultra-detailed IPA system has the expressive power to distinguish these sounds. That is, one can choose to use IPA phonetically, by using a separate symbol pale and pet. On slice-of-thai.com, we use the IPA phonemically, so both sounds are written with the symbol "e."

The pronunciation guide system that you have currently chosen uses these symbols for the two short sounds:

• short pale sound: [e, e, เ−ะเ◌ะ, eh*, e, e, e, e, e, e, e, e]
• short pet sound: [e−, e−, เ−็−เ็◌, e−*, e−, e−, e−, e−, e−, e−, e−, e−]

Sample words:

• เป๊ะ [bpé, bpé, เป๊ะ^H, bpehH, pbé, ˈpé, ˈpé, pe^H, ˈbpé, pé, bpé, pé] (adv. exactly, precisely)
• เละ [lé, lé, เละ^H, lehH, lé, ˈlé, ˈlé, le^H, ˈlé, lé, lé, lé] (adj. mushy, slushy)
• เผ็ด [pèt, pèt, เผ็ด^L, phetL, pèt, ˈphèt, ˈpʰèt, phet^L, ˈpèt, phèt, pèt, phèt] (adj. spicy, hot)
• เม็ด [mét, mét, เม็ด^H, metH, mét, ˈmét, ˈmét, met^H, ˈmét, mét, mét, mét] (n. seed)
• เหม็น [měn, měn, เหฺม็น^R, menR, měn, ˈměn, ˈměn, men^R, ˈměn, měn, měn, měn] (adj. smelly)
• เป้ [bpêe, bpêe, เป้^F, bpaehF, pbây, ˈpêe, ˈpêː, pē^F, ˈbpây, pêh, bpây, pê] (n. backpack)
• เปล [bplee, bplee, เปฺล^M, bplaehM, pblay, ˈplee, ˈpleː, plē^M, ˈbplay, pleh, bplay, ple] (n. hammock)
• เท [tee, tee, เท^M, thaehM, tay, ˈthee, ˈtʰeː, thē^M, ˈtay, theh, tay, the] (vt. pour from a container)
• เขต [kèet, kèet, เขด^L, khaehtL, kàyt, ˈkhèet, ˈkʰèːt, khēt^L, ˈkàyt, khèht, kàyt, khèt] (n. area, region, district)

 [ɛɛ, ɛɛ, แ−/แ−−แ◌/แ◌◌, aae, ae, ɛɛ, ɛː, ǣ, air, ae, ae, ae]
[แ−/แ−−แ◌/แ◌◌]

Sample words:

• แกะ [gɛ̀, gɛ̀, แกะ^L, gaeL, gàe, ˈkɛ̀, ˈkɛ̀, kæ^L, ˈgàir, kàe, gàe, kàe] (n. sheep)
• และ [lɛ́, lɛ́, และ^H, laeH, láe, ˈlɛ́, ˈlɛ́, læ^H, ˈláir, láe, láe, láe] (conj. and, also)
• แข็ง [kɛ̌ng, kɛ̌ng, แข็ง^R, khaengR, kǎeng, ˈkhɛ̌ŋ, ˈkʰɛ̌ŋ, khæŋ^R, ˈkǎirng, khǎeng, kǎeng, khǎeng] (adj. hard, stiff)
• แปล [bplɛɛ, bplɛɛ, แปฺล^M, bplaaeM, pblae, ˈplɛɛ, ˈplɛː, plǣ^M, ˈbplair, plae, bplae, plae] (v. translate, interpret)
• แสง [sɛ̌ɛng, sɛ̌ɛng, แสง^R, saaengR, sǎeng, ˈsɛ̌ɛŋ, ˈsɛ̌ːŋ, sǣŋ^R, ˈsǎirng, sǎeng, sǎeng, sǎeng] (n. light)

 [əə, əə, เ−อ/เ−ิ−เ◌อ/เิ◌, uuhr/eer−, er, əə, əː, œ̄, er, oe, er, oe]
[เ−อ/เ−ิ−เ◌อ/เิ◌]

Sample words:

• เยอะ [yə́, yə́, เยอะ^H, yuhH, yér, ˈyə́, ˈjə́, yœ^H, ˈyér, yóe, yúh, yóe] (adj. many, much)
• เธอ [təə, təə, เทอ^M, thuuhrM, ter, ˈthəə, ˈtʰəː, thœ̄^M, ˈter, thoe, ter, thoe] (pron. she (informal), you (intimate))
• เดิน [dəən, dəən, เดิน^M, deernM, dern, ˈdəən, ˈdəːn, dœ̄n^M, ˈdern, doen, dern, doen] (vi. walk)
• ฤกษ์ [rə̂ək, rə̂ək, เริก^F, reerkF, rêrk, ˈrə̂ək, ˈrə̂ːk, rœ̄k^F, ˈrêrk, rôek, rêrk, rôek] (n. auspicious occasion)

 [ii, ii, −ี/−ี−ี/ี◌, ee*, ee, ii, iː, ī, ee, ii, ee, i]
[−ี/−ี−ี/ี◌]

The two sounds are:

• The sound in the English word beet
• The sound in the English word bit

And here's where these two sounds typically occur:

• you say the beet sound in a long syllable, or a short syllable with no final consonant, as in
  • หมี [mǐi, mǐi, หฺมี^R, meeR, měe, ˈmǐi, ˈmǐː, mī^R, ˈměe, mǐi, měe, mǐ] (n. bear),
  • มีด [mîit, mîit, มีด^F, meetF, mêet, ˈmîit, ˈmîːt, mīt^F, ˈmêet, mîit, mêet, mît] (n. knife)
  • ติ [dtì, dtì, ติ^L, dtiL, dtì, ˈtì, ˈtì, ti^L, ˈdtì, tì, dtì, tì] (vt. criticize, pick on)
  • หิมะ [hì-má, hì-má, หิ^L-มะ^H, hiL-maH, hì-má, ˈhì ˈmá, ˈhì ˈmá, hi^L-ma^H, ˈhì ˈmá, hì-má, hì-má, hì-má] (n. snow)

• you say the bit sound in a short syllable with a final consonant, as in
  • ปิด [bpìt, bpìt, ปิด^L, bpitL, pbìt, ˈpìt, ˈpìt, pit^L, ˈbpìt, pìt, bpìt, pìt] (vt. close, switch off),
  • บิน [bin, bin, บิน^M, binM, bin, ˈbin, ˈbin, bin^M, ˈbin, bin, bin, bin] (v. fly)

When you make the bit sound, be sure not to go too far and make it sound like bet or bat; those are different basic Thai vowel sounds that we discussed here and here, respectively, and so you will be probably be speaking a different word.

In Thai Script, the beet and bit sounds are written with the same set of vowels (the vowels [−ี/−ี−ี/ี◌] and [−ิ/−ิ−ิ/ิ◌]). For regular syllables whose sound follows the rule above, you can think of it as if there's a long beet sound written like [−ี/−ี−ี/ี◌], a short beet sound written like [−ิิ], and a short bit sound written like [−ิ−ิ◌].

Most pronunciation guide systems write these two sounds with the same symbol. For example, Paiboon, Paiboon+, and LP glom them together into one 'i' symbol, expecting you to figure out whether to say beet or bit from the context.

An older version of Paiboon+, present on slice-of-thai.com only from Feb 2008-Feb 2009, separated the two sounds into "i" for beet and "ɪ" for bit, but we removed this distinction in order to be consistent with the Paiboon+ used in Paiboon's new dictionaries released in Feb 2009.

Currently, the only system that separates the two sounds is TLC. But even TLC is still slightly ambiguous: "i" is always bit, but "ee" could be either one.

The ultra-detailed IPA system has the expressive power to distinguish these sounds. That is, one can choose to use IPA phonetically, by using a separate symbol pale and pet. On slice-of-thai.com, we use the IPA phonemically, so both sounds are written with the symbol "e."

The pronunciation guide system that you have currently chosen uses these symbols for the two short sounds:

• short beet sound: [i, i, −ิิ, i*, i, i, i, i, i, i, i, i]
• short bit sound: [i−, i−, −ิ−ิ◌, i−*, i−, i−, i−, i−, i−, i−, i−, i−]

Sample words:

• ติ [dtì, dtì, ติ^L, dtiL, dtì, ˈtì, ˈtì, ti^L, ˈdtì, tì, dtì, tì] (vt. criticize, pick on)
• หิมะ [hì-má, hì-má, หิ^L-มะ^H, hiL-maH, hì-má, ˈhì ˈmá, ˈhì ˈmá, hi^L-ma^H, ˈhì ˈmá, hì-má, hì-má, hì-má] (n. snow)
• ปิด [bpìt, bpìt, ปิด^L, bpitL, pbìt, ˈpìt, ˈpìt, pit^L, ˈbpìt, pìt, bpìt, pìt] (vt. close, switch off)
• บิน [bin, bin, บิน^M, binM, bin, ˈbin, ˈbin, bin^M, ˈbin, bin, bin, bin] (v. fly)
• อังกฤษ [ang-grìt, ang-grìt, อัง^M-กฺริด^L, angM-gritL, ang-grìt, ˈʔaŋ ˈkrìt, ˈʔaŋ ˈkrìt, ʿaŋ^M-krit^L, ˈung ˈgrìt, ang-krìt, ang-grìt, ang-krìt] (n. England, English)
• มี [mii, mii, มี^M, meeM, mee, ˈmii, ˈmiː, mī^M, ˈmee, mii, mee, mi] (v. have)
• หมี [mǐi, mǐi, หฺมี^R, meeR, měe, ˈmǐi, ˈmǐː, mī^R, ˈměe, mǐi, měe, mǐ] (n. bear)
• มีด [mîit, mîit, มีด^F, meetF, mêet, ˈmîit, ˈmîːt, mīt^F, ˈmêet, mîit, mêet, mît] (n. knife)
• อีก [ìik, ìik, อีก^L, eekL, èek, ˈʔìik, ˈʔìːk, ʿīk^L, ˈèek, ìik, èek, ìk] (adv. again)

 [oo, oo, โ−/โ−−โ◌/โ◌◌, o:h, oh, oo, oː, ō, oh, oh, oh, o]
[โ−/โ−−โ◌/โ◌◌]

Sample words:

• โต๊ะ [dtó, dtó, โต๊ะ^H, dtoH, dtó, ˈtó, ˈtó, to^H, ˈdtó, tó, dtó, tó] (n. table, desk)
• ตก [dtòk, dtòk, ตก^L, dtohkL, dtòk, ˈtòk, ˈtòk, tok^L, ˈdtòk, tòk, dtòk, tòk] (vi. crash, fall)
• โต [dtoo, dtoo, โต^M, dto:hM, dtoh, ˈtoo, ˈtoː, tō^M, ˈdtoh, toh, dtoh, to] (adj. big, large)
• โชค [chôok, chôok, โชก^F, cho:hkF, chôhk, ˈchôok, ˈtɕʰôːk, chōk^F, ˈchôhk, chôhk, chôhk, chôk] (n. luck)

 [ɔɔ, ɔɔ, −อ/−อ−◌อ/◌อ◌, aaw, aw, ɔɔ, ɔː, ǭ, or, aw, or/o−, o]
[−อ/−อ−◌อ/◌อ◌]

Those who are from the midwestern United States will probably have a hard time distinguishing the [a, a, −ะ/−ั−◌ะ/ั◌, a, a, a, a, a, a/u−, a, a, a] and [ɔ, ɔ, เ−าะ/−็อ−เ◌าะ/็อ◌, aw, aw, ɔ, ɔ, ǫ, or, aw, or/o−, o] sounds, since these get merged together in many midwestern dialects, but it's critical to learn the difference, as many Thai words differ only by these sounds. Use the sound files to help you.

Sample words:

• เกาะ [gɔ̀, gɔ̀, เกาะ^L, gawL, gàw, ˈkɔ̀, ˈkɔ̀, kǫ^L, ˈgòr, kàw, gòr, kò] (n. island)
• ล็อก [lɔ́k, lɔ́k, ล็อก^H, lawkH, láwk, ˈlɔ́k, ˈlɔ́k, lǫk^H, ˈlórk, láwk, lók, lók] (n. lock)
• ก่อสร้าง [gɔ̀ɔ-sâang, gɔ̀ɔ-sâang, ก่อ^L-ซ่าง^F, gaawL-saangF, gàw-sâhng, ˈkɔ̀ɔ ˈsâaŋ, ˈkɔ̀ː ˈsâːŋ, kǭ^L-sāŋ^F, ˈgòr ˈsâhng, kàw-sâang, gòr-sâang, kò-sâng] (vt. construct, build)
• กอด [gɔ̀ɔt, gɔ̀ɔt, กอด^L, gaawtL, gàwt, ˈkɔ̀ɔt, ˈkɔ̀ːt, kǭt^L, ˈgòrt, kàwt, gòt, kòt] (v. embrace, hug)
• อุดร [ù-dɔɔn, ù-dɔɔn, อุ^L-ดอน^M, ooL-daawnM, òo-dawn, ˈʔù ˈdɔɔn, ˈʔù ˈdɔːn, ʿu^L-dǭn^M, ˈÒO ˈdorn, ù-dawn, ù-don, ù-don] (n. north)

 [uu, uu, −ู/−ู−ู/ู◌, uu, oo, uu, uː, ū, oo, uu, oo, u]
[−ู/−ู−ู/ู◌]

Sample words:

• พุ [pú, pú, พุ^H, phooH, póo, ˈphú, ˈpʰú, phu^H, ˈpÓO, phú, pú, phú] (vi. break out, erupt)
• ดุม [dum, dum, ดุม^M, doomM, doom, ˈdum, ˈdum, dum^M, ˈdOOm, dum, dum, dum] (n. button)
• พูด [pûut, pûut, พูด^F, phuutF, pôot, ˈphûut, ˈpʰûːt, phūt^F, ˈpôot, phûut, pôot, phût] (v. speak)
• ดู [duu, duu, ดู^M, duuM, doo, ˈduu, ˈduː, dū^M, ˈdoo, duu, doo, du] (vt. look at, view)

 [ʉʉ, ʉʉ, −ือ/−ื−ือ/ื◌, euu, ue, ʉʉ, ɯː, ư̄, eu, eu, eu, ue]
[−ือ/−ื−ือ/ื◌]

To make this sound, say boot, but instead of puckering your lips into a small, rounded opening like a normal oo, spread your lips as far left and right as you can, into a wide smile (but keep your teeth and tongue as you do when saying boot):

[uu, uu, อูM, uuM, oo, ˈʔuu, ˈʔuː, ʿūM, ˈoo, uu, oo, u] as in boot

[ʉʉ, ʉʉ, อือM, euuM, ue, ˈʔʉʉ, ˈʔɯː, ʿư̄M, ˈeu, eu, eu, ue] as in มือ [mʉʉ, mʉʉ, มือM, meuuM, mue, ˈmʉʉ, ˈmɯː, mư̄M, ˈmeu, meu, meu, mue]

For those using the Paiboon, Paiboon+, or IPA pronunciation guide system, you might even think of the horizontal bar across [ʉ] as a little toothpick that holds the edges of your mouth far apart!

The [ʉʉ, ʉʉ, อือ^M, euuM, ue, ˈʔʉʉ, ˈʔɯː, ʿư̄^M, ˈeu, eu, eu, ue] is not the same as the French "u" (as in pupitre) or German "ü" (as in über). That sound is made with rounded lips like the English boom, and with the tongue and mouth in a different position than [ʉʉ, ʉʉ, −ือ/−ื−ือ/ื◌, euu, ue, ʉʉ, ɯː, ư̄, eu, eu, eu, ue]. In fact, in some ways, it's the exact opposite sound: it's the sound you get by saying beet with the inside of your mouth, and boot with your lips.

Sample words:

• รึ [rʉ́, rʉ́, รึ^H, reuH, réu, ˈrʉ́, ˈrɯ́, rư^H, ˈréu, réu, réu, rúe] (conj. or)
• ดึก [dʉ̀k, dʉ̀k, ดึก^L, deukL, dèuk, ˈdʉ̀k, ˈdɯ̀k, dưk^L, ˈdèuk, dèuk, dèuk, dùek] (adv. late at night)
• ฤดู [rʉ́-duu, rʉ́-duu, รึ^H-ดู^M, reuH-duuM, réu-doo, ˈrʉ́ ˈduu, ˈrɯ́ ˈduː, rư^H-dū^M, ˈréu ˈdoo, réu-duu, réu-doo, rúe-du] (n. season)
• พฤศจิกา [prʉ́t-sà~jì-gaa, prʉ́t-sà~jì-gaa, พฺรึด^H-สะ^L~จิ^L-กา^M, phreutH-saL~jiL-gaaM, préut-sà~jì-gah, ˈphrʉ́t sà ˈcì ˈkaa, ˈpʰrɯ́t sà ˈtɕì ˈkaː, phrưt^H-sa^L~čhi^L-kā^M, ˈpréut sà ˈjì ˈgah, phréut-sà~jì-kaa, préut-sà~jì-gaa, phrúet-sà~chì-ka] (n. November)
• มือ [mʉʉ, mʉʉ, มือ^M, meuuM, mue, ˈmʉʉ, ˈmɯː, mư̄^M, ˈmeu, meu, meu, mue] (n. hand)
• มืด [mʉ̂ʉt, mʉ̂ʉt, มืด^F, meuutF, mûet, ˈmʉ̂ʉt, ˈmɯ̂ːt, mư̄t^F, ˈmêut, mêut, mêut, mûet] (n. dark)
• ฤๅษี [rʉʉ-sǐi, rʉʉ-sǐi, รือ^M-สี^R, reuuM-seeR, rue-sěe, ˈrʉʉ ˈsǐi, ˈrɯː ˈsǐː, rư̄^M-sī^R, ˈreu ˈsěe, reu-sǐi, reu-sěe, rue-sǐ] (n. hermit, recluse)